ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed to find the exposure level of triclosan (TCS), a known endocrine disruptor, related to the use of personal care products using a nationally representative data of the general population in Korea. METHODS: This study included data of 6288 adults aged 19 years and older (2692 men, 3596 women), based on the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2012–2014). The data were divided according to gender. The frequency and proportion of each variable were determined by dividing participants into two groups based on the top 75th percentile concentration of urinary TCS (male: 1.096 μg/g creatinine, female: 1.329 μg/g creatinine). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis for the high TCS exposure and low TCS exposure groups. RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of participants using personal care products was higher in women than in men. There was a significantly higher proportion of participants in the high TCS exposure group with younger age, higher education and income levels and with more frequent use of fragrance products, hair care products, body cleansers, cosmetics, and antimicrobial agents. In both men and women, ORs tended to increase with increased frequency of use of hair care products, body cleansers, and cosmetics before and after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that as the frequency of use of personal care products increases, urine TCS concentration increases. Because TCS is a well-known endocrine disruptor, further studies are needed and explore other health effects with exposure to TCS in general population in Korea. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-019-0283-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Infective Agents , Creatinine , Education , Environmental Health , Hair , Korea , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , TriclosanABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro por meio da Fluorescência de Raios X por Dispersão de Energia (XRF) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) o efeito remineralizante de enxaguatórios bucais com compostos bioativos, sendo nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita de cálcio (nanoHAp) associadas ou não a fluoreto, fluoreto de sódio e saliva no esmalte dental bovino. Foram utilizados 15 corpos de prova (CP) a partir de 15 incisivos bovinos que foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, com 5 CP cada um. Após colagem dos braquetes, as amostras foram submetidas a um alto desafio de cárie com solução desmineralizante de cloreto de cálcio 2,2 mM, fosfato de sódio monohidratado 2,2 mM e ácido acético 0,05 M, com pH ajustado entre 4,4 e 5,2, permanecendo durante 48 horas em solução desmineralizante, em temperatura ambiente, simulando lesão de mancha branca ativa no esmalte dental bovino ao redor desses braquetes ortodônticos. Em seguida, cada grupo foi denominado conforme os respectivos tratamentos a serem utilizados. Grupo 1 (G1) solução de fluoreto de sódio (0,05%); Grupo 2 (G2) solução aquosa de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita de cálcio (0,75%) e Grupo 3 (G3) solução aquosa de fluoreto de sódio (0,05%) associada a nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita de cálcio (0,75%). Foram obtidos os valores de XRF e imagens em MEV antes e depois da desmineralização e antes e depois do tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste ANOVA para comparação entre as médias iniciais e finais de cada grupo e para comparação dos grupos de tratamentos distintos com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Nas leituras por XRF, nenhum dos enxaguatórios testados foram eficientes na remineralização das lesões de mancha branca no período de 5 dias. E nas imagens de MEV, o grupo que recebeu tratamento com a solução de NanoHAp 0,75% (G2) apresentou deposição mineral uniforme na superfície de esmalte desmineralizado, vedando os prismas de esmalte.
The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro, through energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the remineralizing effect of mouth rinses with bioactive compounds, which are calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nanoHAp) associated or not with fluoride, sodium fluoride and saliva in bovine dental enamel. Fifteen specimens from 15 bovine incisors were used and randomly distributed into three groups, with 5 specimens each. After bonding the brackets, the specimens were subjected to a high caries challenge with 2.2 mM calcium chloride, 2.2 mM sodium phosphatemonohydrate and 0.05 mM acetic acid demineralizing solution, pH adjustedbetween 4.4 to 5.2, kept in demineralizing solution for 48 hours, at room temperature, simulating active white spot lesion on bovine dental enamel around those orthodontic brackets. Then, each group was named according torespective treatments to be used: Group 1 (G1) 0.05% sodium fluoride solution; Group 2 (G2) aqueous solution of 0.75% calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; and Group 3 (G3) aqueous solution of 0.05% sodium fluoride associated with 0.75% calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The XRF values were obtained and the SEM images were taken before and after the demineralization, and before and after the treatment. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA test to compare the initial and final means of each group and to compare the distinct treatment groups with a significance level at 5% (p ≤ 0,05). In the XRF readings, none of the tested mouth rises were efficient in the remineralization of white spot lesions in the period of 5 days. In the SEM images, the group treated with 0.75% NanoHAp solution (G2) showed uniform mineral deposition of the demineralized enamel surface, sealing theenamel prisms
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tooth Remineralization , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , In Vitro Techniques , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Durapatite/therapeutic use , Fluorides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La mayor parte de la población de Argentina se concentra en ciudades y consume productos industrializados que contienen aditivos, entre los que se incluyen los colorantes. Los colorantes más utilizados en cosméticos y productos de higiene personal coinciden con los más utilizados en alimentos. Se realizaron encuestas para evaluar preliminarmente el consumo de los productos citados por parte de diferentes muestras poblacionales. Se realizó además el análisis de los rótulos de dichos productos para conocer el listado de colorantes declarados. Los resultados muestran consumos similares en encuestas en papel realizadas en San Martín y en otras realizadas on line. Encuestas realizadas en Caleta Olivia fueron de un tamaño de muestra de prueba. Los alimentos más consumidos fueron las golosinas y las bebidas gaseosas; los cosméticos y productos de higiene personal más consumidos fueron pasta dental, jabón, champú y acondicionador de cabello. La tartrazina y otros colorantes azoicos fueron principalmente declarados en gran cantidad de productos. En cosméticos se agregó el azul brillante. El dióxido de titanio fue importante en algunas categorías de productos. Nuevas encuestas sobre frecuencias y cantidades consumidas, y la cuantificación de los colorantes en los productos permitirán conocer su incorporación diaria posible por personas de las franjas etarias seleccionadas.
Most people in Argentina nowadays live in cities and consume industrialized products containing additives, including colorants. Colorants more frequently used in cosmetics and personal care products are usually the same as the ones used in food. Preliminary surveys were carried out to evaluate the consumption of the cited products by different population samples. Colorants declared in the food labels of these products were also investigated. The results show similar patterns in surveys filled on paper sheets carried out in San Martín city and in surveys filled "on line". Other surveys, carried out in Caleta Olivia city were considered as proof surveys, due to their small sample size. Sweets and carbonated beverages reached the highest percentages of food consumption, and tooth pastes, soaps, shampoos and hair conditioners were the cosmetic and personal care products most consumed by respondents. Tartrazine and other azo-compounds were highly distributed in the ingredient section of the products. Brilliant blue was also highly declared in cosmetics and personal care products. Titanium dioxide was important in selected categories of products. Further investigations on the frequency of intake of these products and the quantification of colorants there will make it possible to calculate the possible daily intake for these selected age groups.
A maior parte da população da Argentina concentra-se em cidades e consome produtos industrializados que contêm aditivos, incluindo corantes. Os corantes mais utilizados em cosméticos e produtos de higiene pessoal coincidem com os mais utilizados em alimentos. Pesquisas para avaliar de forma preliminar o consumo dos produtos mencionados foram realizadas por parte de diferentes amostras populacionais. Também foram analisados os rótulos de tais produtos para conhecer a listagem de corantes declarados. Os resultados apresentam consumos similares em pesquisas de campo realizadas em San Martin e em outras realizadas online. Pesquisas realizadas em Caleta Olivia foram de um tamanho de amostra de prova. Os alimentos mais consumidos foram guloseimas e refrigerantes; os cosméticos e produtos de higiene pessoal mais consumidos foram pasta de dentes, sabonete, shampoo e condicionador de cabelo. A tartrazina e outros corantes azoicos foram principalmente declarados em grande quantidade de produtos. Em cosméticos se adicionou o azul brilhante. O dióxido de titânio foi importante em algumas categorias de produtos. Novas pesquisas sobre frequências e quantidades consumidas, e a quantificação dos corantes nos produtos, permitirão conhecer sua possível incorporação diária por pessoas das faixas etárias selecionadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cosmetics , Food , Food Coloring Agents , Food Labeling , Hygiene , Argentina , Chemical Compounds , Humans , Sanitary Surveys, Water Supply , Titanium , ToxicologyABSTRACT
A poly( GMA-EGDMA) coated SPME fiber was prepared using an in-situ polymerization by direct bonding to the surface of a polydopamine-modified stainless steel wire. Then the fiber was modified by sulfuric acid. A novel solid phase microextraction coating coupled to high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) method based on the as-prepared fiber was developed for the determination of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products ( PPCPs) in water samples. The influences of extraction parameters, including pH, extraction time, extraction temperature and salt addition were investigated. 3 mL water sample was extracted by the as-prepared fiber for 60 min at 30 ℃, and then desorbed with mobile phase for 30 min, respectively. Desorption solution was analyzed by HPLC-DAD ( diode array detection ) . The results indicated that the extraction yield of the fiber was good for four PPCPs. The linear correlation coefficients were>0. 997 with the linear range of 2-200 μg/L. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0. 5-5 μg/L with RSD (n=5) of 4. 1%-11. 9%. The recoveries of four PPCPs at spiked level of 20, 50, 100 μg/L were within the range of 70. 6%-105. 5%. The results showed that this method was easy, green, accurate and precise, and could be used to assay the four PPCPs in real water samples.
ABSTRACT
The pollution of surface water and ground water caused by pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) can directly affect the quality of drinking water.The sources of PPCPs and the routes to the drinking water were introduced briefly in the present paper.The removal efficiency of PPCPs in different unit processes applied in drinking water treatment was discussed in detail,including clarify,oxidization-disinfection,advanced treatment and so on.The performances of drinking water treatment unit processes for PPCPs removal were evaluated simply.
ABSTRACT
The regulations related to some metals and their compounds often found in personal care products were introduced in this paper. The general symptoms, skin absorption and reactivity ,allergic and toxic potential induced by some metals and their compounds in cosmetics were reviewed. An important task was put forward for enhancing the research of toxicological safety evaluation of cosmetics in China.
ABSTRACT
The pharmaceuticals have been playing an important role in insuring human health and stockbreeding for decades. However incompletely absorbed pharmaceuticals will find their way into the wastewater in their original structure or metabolites. The ineffective operation of wastewater-treatment plants makes it possible that the widespread appearance of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. The pharmaceuticals become the kind of "persistent" pollutants in the aquatic environment since they have been widely and continually used in daily life although their half-lives are relatively short. Their occurrences threaten the aquatic ecological safety and human’s health. In recent years, European and North American countries have focused on the research of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, while the related reports are scarce in China. This article comprehensively analyzed and discussed the effects of pharmaceuticals pollution in the aquatic environment on aquatic organism and human health. It will present an important reference for future related research as well as establishing ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment in China.
ABSTRACT
Quite recently,among new emerging contaminants,pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and their active metabolites are an emerging environmental issue,due to their presence in the aquatic environment and potential for impacts on wildlife and humans.Carbamazepine is one of the most frequently and at the relatively high concentration levels detected pharmaceuticals in surface water and even in drinking water.Moreover,this drug has displayed high chronic ecotoxicity.A strain of carbamazepine-degrading bacterium was isolated from activated sludge treating pharmaceutical wastewater in Suzhou,China.It was identified as Acinetobacter sp.HY-7,based on biochemical test,16S rRNA and gyrB gene se-quence analysis.Strain HY-7 could grow in liquid mineral salt medium with carbamazepine as sole source of carbon,nitrogen and energy.HPLC analysis revealed the carbamazepine degradation percentage by HY-7 after 10 days was 48% at pH 6.0 and 25?C.Among carbamazepine and the similar structure compounds,in-dole,catechol,naphthalene,anthracene could also be utilized by strain HY-7 for growth,which exhibited a very broad substrate profile.